Alijtihed Journal on Legal and Economic Studies
ISSN: 2335-1039; e-ISSN: 2437-0754 Alijtihed for legal and economic studies review is an international journal, double blind peer-reviewed, bi-annual and free of charge, open access journal published by the Faculty of law and political sciences, University of Tamanrasset – Algeria; the journal focuses on the following topics: it focuses on the following topics: law and economics. it provides an academic platform for professionals and researchers to contribute innovative work in the field. The journal carries original and full-length articles that reflect the latest research and developments in practical aspects. The journal is published in both and print versions. The online version is free access and downloadable. All papers around the world are very welcome in our international journal. Manuscripts can be sent at any time for the two issues ( January and June) Alijtihed for legal and economic studies journal articles are indexed in doaj , the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. The journal offers readers free access
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An Analytical Study of the Legal Framework Governing Trader Registration in Algerian Commercial Law
This article examines the commercial register as an essential legal and organizational instrument for the oversight and regulation of commercial activities within the Algerian legal framework. It clarifies the legislative framework governing the commercial register, focusing on its role in facilitating economic regulation and supervising commercial activities. The article further analyzes the legal implications of registration in the commercial register, particularly with respect to the acquisition of merchant status and its impact on commercial relations between the parties.
Commercial Register; Commercial Law; Registration; Amendment; Deletion; Electronic Commercial Register.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alijtihed Journal on Legal and Economic Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Contentious submission in Algerian customs law
Contentious submission in Algerian customs law is an option available to perpetrators of customs violations, allowing them to acknowledge the violation and accept the customs decision issued by the Customs Administration without having to resort to the judiciary. This is done by settling the dispute amicably by paying fines or fees imposed for the violation. This measure aims to speed up customs procedures and reduce the burden on the courts, as violators can settle matters quickly without waiting for a judicial ruling. However, the violator still has the right to resort to the judiciary in the event of dissatisfaction with the settlement.
Customs submission, Customs crime, Customs reconciliation
Legal Framework for Sustainable Beaches in Algeria: A Legislative and Regulatory Approach
This paper examines the legal framework for sustainable beaches in Algeria within the context of the protection and valorization of the coastal environment, by analysing relevant legislative and regulatory texts. The central role of laws such as Law 02-02 on the protection and valorization of the coast and Law 03-02 on the exploitation of beaches, amended and supplemented by Law 25-07, in addition to complementary executive decrees, is highlighted in regulating the land preparation, reconstruction, environmental protection with a stress on tourism exploitation. The paper also presents the mechanisms of integrated coastal area management, reconstruction standards, pollution protection, and programs such as the “Blue Flag” to enhance the quality and sustainability of beaches. The main objective is to strike a balance between economic, tourism development and the protection of coastal ecosystems for future generations.
Beach - Coast – Sustainable – Development – Standards.
The Legal Aspects of the Precautionary Principle
The changing nature of damage has rendered the precautionary principle a novel approach to managing risks that threaten human health, safety, and the environment, particularly in light of the risks generated by the scientific and technological advancements the world is currently witnessing. It has become evident that the significant challenges and resulting harms imposed by such advancements are, at times, difficult to resist and impossible to remedy. This research paper aims to examine the precautionary principle, which has evolved from a philosophical concept into a genuine legal principle. The study sheds light on its various legal dimensions, beginning with an exploration of its nature, since a misinterpretation of the principle may hinder the development and progress sought by states followed by an analysis of the conditions required for its application, and ultimately addressing its legal value and the consequences arising from its implementation.
Precautionary principle, risks, legal value, potential harm, scientific advancement, consequences.
The Oversight Role of Parliament in Light of the 2020 Constitutional Amendment
Parliamentary oversight, in its concept, objectives, and constitutional foundation, represents a fundamental component of the state’s broader oversight framework. It constitutes a central prerogative of the parliament, exercised through various control mechanisms, whether or not they entail political accountability, granted to it with respect to the government’s activities. These mechanisms serve as a safeguard for the consolidation of democracy, given that the parliament embodies the will of the people. Accordingly, the activation of parliamentary oversight became a central demand among both popular movements and political actors, a demand that culminated in the constitutional amendment introduced by the 2020 revision. This amendment emerged as an inevitable response to recent developments in Algeria, wherein the constitutional legislator sought to rectify systemic imbalances and reestablish equilibrium among the branches of power, particularly by reaffirming the parliament’s role, with special emphasis on its supervisory authority over government operations. One of the most significant innovations introduced was the formal inclusion of interpellation among the mechanisms that invoke the government’s political responsibility. Despite these advancements, however, several deficiencies persist in the domain of parliamentary oversight, deficiencies that had been anticipated to be resolved by the revised constitutional text.
Oversight, Parliament, Government, 2020 Constitutional Amendment.
Arbitrator Impartiality: A Legislative Omission in Algerian Arbitration Law and Its Impact on Arbitral Justice
This research paper aims to study the relationship between the principles of impartiality and independence of arbitrator under Article 1016 of the Algerian Code of Civil and Administrative Procedure, in order to assess the adequacy of the legislative framework in safeguarding arbitral integrity and ensuring justice in arbitration. Although neutrality and independence differ in their legal nature and in the means by which they may be established, the analysis demonstrates that they operate as inseparable and complementary guarantees, both of which are indispensable to the very purpose of arbitration. The Algerian legislator, however, neglected to codify the principle of impartiality and limited the provision to independence, thereby creating a legislative lacuna that requires rectification if effective arbitral justice is to be achieved.
arbitrator impartiality; legislative omission; integrity of the arbitral process; arbitral justice.
The Role of Digital Transformation in Promoting Economic Intelligence strategy
The world is currently experiencing an unprecedented technological revolution in information, resulting in an enormous volume of data transmitted rapidly between countries through electronic networks and at a lower cost than before the digitization of transactions. This phenomenon has emerged in all sectors of national economies as a result of advances in information technology. Electronic transactions such as e-marketing, e-banking, e-commerce and e-government have been spread and electronic payment systems have followed, and digital transformation has intensified. Economic intelligence is based on the pursuit and use of information to achieve economic goals and drive development, so digital transformation contributes to enhancing economic intelligence due to the evolution of the Internet, web technologies and electronic communications, resulting in a significant increase in information transmitters and recipients economic sectors will lead to a digital economy whose core is the informatics environment, which will increase economic intelligence and effectiveness in any country.
Economic intelligence, Digital transformation, Digital economy, Strategy
Towards a marketing strategy for financial & Banking literacy: a case study for Saudi Arabia
The purpose of this study was to design a successful marketing plan to promote financial and banking literacy in Saudi Arabia. The study, which will help Vision 2030, found significant knowledge and behavior gaps when it analyzed secondary data in reports published by the Saudi Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance, among the general public, and in specific groups such as youth, women and owners of micro, small and medium enterprises. The findings revealed that digital channels and interactive programs make financial and banking awareness more effective. The research recommended reinforcing public and private sector partnerships to design long-term awareness campaigns and working to make financial products and services more straightforward for all layers of society.
marketing strategy; Financial & Banking literacy; Saudi Arabia.
Corporate Communication: From Transparency to Sustainability – Patagonia as a Model for Sustainable Communication-
The challenges imposed by the business environment, which increasingly emphasizes sustainable performance, institutions are now required to seriously address all developments related to this trend—starting with their environmental and social responsibilities. From this perspective emerges the importance of corporate communication, shifting from mere transparency and credibility to the pursuit of "sustainable communication". One of the most prominent global companies integrating sustainability into its corporate communication is "Patagonia", which has oriented its business strategies toward supporting environmental causes. These include clothing recycling to reduce consumption, supply chain transparency, and financial donations to combat climate change. Patagonia has received numerous environmental awards and is now considered one of the most sustainable companies worldwide. This paper will further explore the strategies Patagonia has adopted to develop its sustainable corporate communication.
Corporate Communication, Responsible Communication , Social Responsibility, Patagonia, Sustainability.
This study aimed to study cybercrime as a new type in the criminal field, which led many jurists to search for a concept for it, as well as from a legal perspective at the international and even national levels.Therefore, it has become necessary to research the concept of cybercrime, as well as its characteristics and motives for committing it in an attempt.To frame and limit it. Among the results reached is that this development in the field of information and communication technology has contributed to a tremendous revolution in the field of informatics.If this technical revolution was positive with the emergence of electronic contracting and electronic commerce, on the other hand, some negatives appear, and what is known as electronic crime has emerged in the criminal arena.As a new development and transition from traditional crime to electronic crime, which has many shortcomings in terms of concept and legal framing.
cybercrime, information technology, information system, cross-border crime
Preventive criminalization as a mechanism to combat the crime of human trafficking in light of Law: 23-04
Preventive criminalization is considered one of the most important aspects of modern criminal policy, and it has been established in various criminal legislations, including Algerian legislation. The legislator has criminalized certain acts as a means of preventing more serious crimes. Among these is the crime of human trafficking, addressed in Law No. 23-04 dated May 7, 2023. In this law, the legislator has affirmed this approach, considering human trafficking as one of the most serious and emerging crimes—particularly because it is a transnational organized crime that affects most countries and societies alike. Accordingly, this research paper seeks to shed light on the aspects or manifestations of the entrenchment of the concept of preventive criminalization in Law No. 23-04, as a mechanism for preventing the crime of human trafficking, and to assess the adequacy of these legal provisions in their practical implementation.
Preventive criminalization, Human trafficking, Aggravated misdemeanor, formal crimes, organized crime.
Promoting Women's Political Participation in Algeria: An Analytical Approach in the Context of the 2016 Constitutional Amendment
This study addresses the 2016 Algerian constitutional amendment and its impact on women's political participation. It represented a turning point in consolidating the principle of equality and non-discrimination between genders. Through Articles 31 bis (2008) and 36 (2016), the constitution affirmed the state's commitment to promoting women's political representation and ensuring equality in the labor market. The research also highlights both internal and international contexts that led to this amendment, particularly under the pressure of the popular movement and international obligations (CEDAW). Despite legal advancements, social, cultural, and institutional challenges continue to hinder the full implementation of these provisions. The study also shed light on the role of political parties, public policies, and the importance of changing prevailing mindsets. Although there has been notable progress in women's representation, advancement remains gradual and requires strategic future visions to ensure effective and sustainable participation of women in political life.
Algerian women- 2016 constitutional amendment - Political participation -Gender quota- Gender equality
Digital Empowerment of Youth to Address Cybersecurity Challenges in Arab Countries Risks and Strategies
Through this research paper, we will attempt to shed light on the most important threats to Arab societies and the strategies adopted to reduce cybercrime, especially in light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which has witnessed numerous changes and developments in information and communication technology, occupying a significant space in various aspects of life and having a growing impact on empowering young people to keep pace with technological developments, as it has become an urgent necessity that cannot be dispensed with. The use of various social networking sites has become a double-edged sword, as their misuse creates many disadvantages, such as threatening the security, safety, and stability of the individual and society, especially cybercrime, which has become an obsession for families and societies due to its negative effects that threaten social security. The study concluded that cybercrime is one of the important aspects that affect family cohesion, and that its spread in our Arab world requires more family awareness of the dangers of these modern technologies and their emerging crimes in our contemporary world. This requires preserving societal identity by increasing cultural awareness, especially for our new generations, and empowering them digitally, which has become constantly dependent on computers and modern technologies
Risks; Strategies; cybercrimes; Digital empowerment; family cohesion.
The development of financial legislation in Algeria
The study of The development of financial legislation in Algeria, revolves around tracing the interest of the Algerian legislator in organizing financial laws, starting from the first years of independence, through the various constitutions and legal texts that contributed to framing the field, especially Law No. 84-17 relating to financial laws, Then came the issuance of Organic Law N° 18-15 on finance laws, which represented a qualitative shift in the framework of public finances in the country, based on a multi-year budget and programs linked to objectives that allow for the evaluation and monitoring of performance. The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of legal rules governing the financial sector in Algeria, and to identify the various circumstances that contributed to their formulation. This research results in an induction and understanding of the significant influence of political, economic, and even international conditions on the formulation and formulation of legal texts regulating state finances.
Financial field, constitution, financial laws, budget. Constitutional Court
"Obstruction of the Execution of Urgent Administrative Judgments: An Analytical Study of the Administrative Stance, Legal Obstacles, and Deterrent Mechanisms – A Comparative Study"
This study discusses the enforcement of urgent administrative rulings, focusing on a major challenge faced by administrative courts: when the administration refuses or delays carrying out court decisions against it. It explores the reasons behind this refusal, whether due to the administration’s attitude or legal and practical obstacles beyond its control. The research looks at legal tools to address this, like penalty fines, and highlights the role of the administrative judiciary in ensuring its decisions are respected. By comparing the Tunisian and Palestinian legal systems, the study assesses how effective the laws are in both contexts. It emphasizes the need to strengthen legal and regulatory frameworks to guarantee enforcement of administrative judgments, preserving judicial authority and citizens’ rights.
Urgent administrative judgments, enforcement of judicial rulings, administration’s refusal to execute, execution issues, penalty fines, judicial deterrence.
Legal Acts of a Discerning Minor in Algerian Law Compared to Islamic Jurisprudence
A discerning minor is classified as having diminished legal capacity under both Algerian legislation and Islamic jurisprudence, and the legal actions undertaken by such a minor fall under the category of voluntary legal acts. Upon examining the relevant provisions of Algerian law, it becomes evident that there exist two differing legal positions, which exhibit a degree of inconsistency. This study seeks to explore the nature of this discrepancy in the legal treatment of a discerning minor’s acts within the Algerian legal framework, particularly by analyzing the relevant provisions and comparing their stance with that of Islamic legal doctrine. The findings indicate the presence of a legislative inconsistency, specifically when comparing Article 83 of the Algerian Family Code with Article 101 of the Algerian Civil Code. In light of this, the study recommends the harmonization and amendment of these two articles, in a manner that ensures coherence and aligns with the well-established principles of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the legal capacity and acts of a discerning minor.
Legal act, Voluntary act, The discerning minor, Lack of legal capacity
The medical field is generally regarded as one of the humanitarian fields aimed at freeing individuals from pain or alleviating it, and a doctor enjoys legal protection in the exercise of his work, provided that he respects legal and professional obligations, otherwise he may be held legally accountable, Cosmetic surgeries have become a necessity imposed by society with its openness to the great medical and technological development that these surgeries are witnessing, as they aim to improve the external appearance of the body by correcting abnormalities and congenital defects, or simply for aesthetic purposes to enhance the beauty of the body in many cases, Despite the importance of this kind of surgical intervention in certain medical conditions and its remarkable spread in recent years, the Algerian legislator remains isolated from keeping pace with legislative development in this field, as it has only been regulated by the general rules of the Health Law and the Code of Professional Ethics, thus creating a significant legislative vacuum.
Medical error, surgeon, patient, cosmetic procedures, care, result
The Electronic Land Register as an Instrument of E-Government in Algeria
This study analyses the electronic land register as a legal mechanism recently instituted by the Algerian legislator pursuant to Article 165 of Law No. 24-08 of 24 November 2024, enshrined in the Finance Act for 2025. The measure aims to align with recent technological developments and to promote the digitalization of real estate transactions. The electronic land register is conceived as a digital card conferred upon the property owner for the purpose of establishing title. It diverges from the traditional paper-based register both in its dematerialized form and in the breadth of data it contains. Beyond reproducing the entries on the immovable property and its holder already available in the paper register, the electronic register incorporates structured digital information concerning the property. For the effective implementation of this register, it is necessary to adopt regulatory provisions to operationalize it, as well as to establish the requisite infrastructure and ensure cybersecurity. These measures are essential to foster confidence and reliability among stakeholders.
land register; e-administration; digital information; the real property; property survey.
The reality of adopting financial innovation in Algerian institutions
This study aims to present the reality of financial innovation adoption in Algerian institutions by posing the following question: What is the reality of financial innovation adoption in Algerian institutions? The descriptive approach was adopted, and the study concluded that the reality of financial innovation in Algeria is significantly lagging behind. Despite the state's efforts and its attempts to adopt numerous financial innovation tools, it has not yet succeeded in generalizing the adoption of these tools across its various sectors and utilizing them as required. The study also concluded that it is necessary to develop financial innovation tools, whether services, products, or organizations, and to attempt to utilize them in various fields. It also concluded that various incentives should be created to contribute to the dissemination and generalization of the adoption of these tools.
Financial innovation; financial technology; Electronic banking; Islamic banking.
Support Mechanisms for Self-Entrepreneur Under Law No. 22-23
The field of entrepreneurship in Algeria has garnered significant attention, securing a prominent place within the legal system, particularly in recent years. In order to enhance the legislative achievements that govern this field, Algeria has recently sought to create a favorable environment for the realization of these projects and to formalize them by establishing a legal framework that embraces and covers these projects. This was effectively achieved with the issuance of the Self-Entrepreneur Law No. 22-23, which constitutes a new legal framework that prioritizes the care and support of self-employment, as it includes rights and exceptional privileges granted to the self- Entrepreneur in addition to the rights established under general legal provisions. This initiative aims to align with other countries in this regard and to respond to the growing demand from project owners for investment in modern technological fields and other sectors dictated by contemporary needs.
Support; Entrepreneurship; Rights; Privileges; The Self-Entrepreneur.
The entrepreneur and the intrapreneurial culture A theoretical model
The objective of this article is to propose, from a review of theoretical arguments, an original conceptual model of the relationship between the entrepreneur and the intrapreneurial culture in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It emerges from this contribution that the establishment and development of the intrapreneurial culture by the entrepreneur is based on his choice to remain an entrepreneur, through the actualization of his entrepreneurial motivations, by belonging to the category of CAP entrepreneurs, and by maintaining good, open, flexible relationships with his employees that encourage intrapreneurial practices and acts.
Entrepreneur, Intrapreneurial Culture, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Autonomy, risk taking, innovation, teamwork
Copyright (c) 2025 Alijtihed Journal on Legal and Economic Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Coup d' etat's Effect on the Lawful President according to Islamic Jurisprudence and Secular Law; A Comparative Study
The study aimed at investigating the effect of the coup d'etat on the presidency according to the Islamic and secular Laws. The study used the comparative methodology to reach the targets in question. To gather the required data, a review of literature was administered. The study came to the conclusions that: first, the Islamic Law ordains that the coup d'etat on the lawful presidency is not permissible. In case of its occurrence, it has no effect on the lawful president if it is possible to him free. But, if it not possible to do so and the conspirators have appointed a president, his term is to be ended and a new candidate for presidency ought to be nominated. If the conspirators have not appointed a president, the captivated president is still in office and the vice president is entitled to do his jobs until he is released; second, the secular dictates that the coup d'etat has no effect on the lawful president whether he is in capture or not; third, the viewpoint of the Islamic Law excels the secular legislation since it is not acceptable to cling the fate of the nation to the fate of the captivated president. In the light of these findings, it is recommended to reconsider the constitutional acts relating the reasons that end the presidency term to go line in line with what the Islamic Law decides to put into practice the text of the Second Act of the 2014 Egyptian Constitution that stipulates that Islam is the main source of legislation.
coup d' etat, lawful president, Islam, secular law
Modern electronic payment methods and their importance in promoting financial inclusion in Algerian banks
Our goal through this research paper is to identify electronic payment methods and present the stages of their development in Algerian banks and to highlight their role in supporting and raising the levels of financial inclusion at its level, by standing on its reality and the most important requirements for its promotion, and we concluded that the level of financial inclusion is low for Algerian banks compared to With their counterparts from the countries of the Middle East and North Africa and the world as a whole, therefore, the Algerian financial and monetary authorities took the initiative to put in place effective strategies and mechanisms to achieve financial inclusion in their financial and banking institutions.
Electronic payment methods, financial inclusion, modern technology, financial culture
Integration between Islamic social finance and financial inclusion in the light of the purposes of Islamic law
The integration between Islamic social finance and financial inclusion represents the most accurate form of the development of the contemporary Islamic economy, and it works to achieve the two objectives of building the earth, the prosperity and development of money, reducing poverty and unemployment, achieving economic empowerment and sustainable development, self-sufficiency and achieving prosperity and economic well-being. The importance of this integration is due to: achieving the meaning of slavery in its integrated sense, achieving the objectives of the royal states, achieving social empowerment, which is a path to political empowerment, and contributing to the promotion of Islamic banking activity.. Among the means that support it: providing infrastructure, enacting regulatory and supervisory laws, and spreading financial culture. Banking awareness in society, providing services based on the use of digital financial technologies, and seeking the assistance of social experts to know the needs of each environment.
Islamic social finance, financial inclusion, integration, financial transactions, the purposes of Sharia
The impact of marketing innovation on the enterprise's acquisition of a competitive advantage (case study of the business agencies of ouargla, Hassi Messaoud, touggourt.)
The aim of the study was to learn about the impact of marketing innovation on the competitiveness of the corporate agencies of ouargla, Hassi Messaoud, touggourt, as well as the level of marketing innovation and competitive advantage. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a resolution was designed that included: (36) A paragraph distributed to a random sample estimated at (82) workers of the business agencies in question. The study found that marketing innovation was high among the business agencies in question, as well as competitive advantage was also high, and there was a positive impact of marketing innovation on competitive advantage; In addition, the marketing innovation elements of 4P contribute to the enterprise gaining a competitive advantage in a near-equal proportion.
marketing innovation; Dimensions of marketing innovation; competitive advantage; Dimensions of competitive advantage; The commercial agencies of the Algiers Communications Corporation
The Chinese Commercial and Investment Projects in Algeria: What are the developmental effects in supporting and diversifying the national economy?
This study focuses on the Chinese commercial and investment projects in Algeria. It shows the reality of trade and investment cooperation between China and Algeria, the areas and mechanisms of trade and investment cooperation between them, especially in the context of the Economic Belt Initiative for the twenty-first century, as well as the importance of diversifying the areas of investment outside the Hydrocarbons sector. These investment needs to be bolstered, especially from the Chinese side, which has historical economic, strategic and even political ties with Algeria to the extent that makes it an imperative for Algeria to benefit from these Chinese investments and work hard to diversify them in order to support its development course and diversify its national economy.
Algeria; China; Development; Investment; Cooperation
Evaluation the Microfinance industry performance in the Arab region in light of international indicators
This paper aims to evaluate the Microfinance industry performance in the Arab region in light of international indicators. It focuses on studying some important indicators related to the performance and structure of microfinance institutions in the Arab region, especially by studying of the loans collections efficiency indicators, as well as the profitability indicators and financial sustainability in the microfinance institutions, with analysing of the efficiency and productivity levels of microfinance institutions in the Arab region during the last period compared to the international indicators for the microfinance industry. Through the results of research, The Microfinance in Arab regions is smaller market than in other regions. Despite of the low of operational efficiency and high lending costs, the MFIs in the Arab regions continues to show acceptable performance ratios.
Microfinance; Performance ratios; Efficiency and productivity
The financial lease contract between the financial accounting system and the Algerian tax legislation - a contract between Bisco Fruit and Société Générale Bank of Algeria as a "model"
This study aimed to present the accounting and tax treatment of the financial lease contract for both the lessor and the lessee, to extract the most important points of compatibility or difference in the treatment of the financial lease contract between the financial accounting system and the Algerian tax legislation. The reached conclusion is that the basis of the accounting treatment of the financial lease contract is the principle of the precedence of the economic reality over the legal form of the contract, while we find that the Algerian tax legislation depends mainly on the treatment of the financial lease on the legal form of the contract without taking the economic reality into account , which made the difference between Accounting and tax treatment of the financial lease contract in Algeria.
finance lease contract ; operating lease contract ; lessee ; lessor ; financial accounting system; Algerian tax legislation
Language and Identity in Algeria: Multiplicity and Conflict or Unity and Integration
This paper attempts to shed light on one of the most current national issues, a basic problem, which is the issue of identity and its relationship to the original culture, ethnic dynasty, and belonging to the Arabic-speaking Islamic nation. It tries to discuss the relationship and role of the Arabic language and the Islamic religion in the unity of national identity and its integration or its conflict and plurality, and the relationship of basic generalities and fundamental constants to cultural alternatives and local and regional sub-specificities, where we want to address this sensitive issue that of the Arabic language in its relationship to the Islamic religion, identity, educational policy, cultural invasion, globalization and the linguistic map of Algeria, as well as the cultural dialogue taking place in the arena, and its impact on the social and political unity of society in general. It is one of the topics on which opinions differed and viewpoints varied.
The Legal Term between Stability and Transformation: The Problem of Term Formulation Accuracy
The study aims to shed light on the conditions of the formulation of the scientific term in general and the legal term in particular based on the linguistic field as a linguistic text formulated in the context of a holistic discourse, and which is also part of a communicative context that aims to reveal the characteristics of the legal term on the one hand, and to indicate the means of cohesion between the signifier "the term" and the signified " the concerned" on the other; the results of the study found that the legal term has known a shift between the ebb of stability and the flow of transformation, because sometimes the requirements of the formulation of the term aren’t respected. In addition, this is due to the fact that there’s a great reliance on literal translation, which, usually, isn’t accurate or the use of language borrowing methods.
language, characteristics, legal term, legal text