The development of collective security in the united nations (in shift to concepts and mechanisms)

Abstract

The collective security system in the United Nations, initially focused on protecting states from agression through mechanisms such as economic sanctions, the armed force, and then developed to include new complex threats such as terrorisme and human, Heath Security, environmental, cyber Security, with modern mechanisms such as preventive diplomacy, international intervention and international criminal courts. However, collective security faces limitations related to double standards and the excessive use of the veto, which calls for reforms to enhance its effectiveness in confronting contemporary challenges.